Objective To investigate the levels of cognitive functions of Tibetan adolescents from regions of different altitudes and their influencing factors. Methods From August to October 2016

630 Tibetan students from 2 county high schools in Tibet were selected as the study subjects and divided into low altitude group（97 cases）

from high to low group（227 cases）

and high altitude group（306 cases） according to their altitude. The general conditions of the students were investigated by questionnaires

and the cognitive functions of the students were measured by Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices（SPM）. The levels of cognitive functions of Tibetan students from different altitudes were compared

and the factors influencing students’ cognitive functions were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results The differences were statistically significant（P <0.05） when comparing age

monthly family income

parents’ education level

number of children in the family

birth order and family structure among the three groups of Tibetan adolescents. ANOVA revealed that the comparison of SPM scores of Tibetan adolescents in different altitude groups showed the highest score in the low altitude group（39.25±7.72）

followed by the next highest score in the high to low group（34.81±9.45）

and the lowest score in the high altitude group（33.66±12.43）

with statistically significant differences（P <0.05）. Univariate analysis found that the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05） when comparing the SPM scores of Tibetan adolescents with different monthly family income

parental education

number of children in the family

and birth order. Multi-factor analysis found that altitude was an influential factor for Tibetan adolescents’ SPM scores（P<0.05）. Conclusion There are differences in cognitive functions among Tibetan adolescents from regions of different altitudes in Tibet

and the effect of altitude on cognitive function may be reversible.