Objective：To evaluate the clinical effect of central venous catheter for percutaneous nephrostomy in upper urinary calculi complicated with sepsis. Methods：Fifty patients with complications of unilateral upper urinary calculi and urinary sepsis were randomly divided into two groups，with 25 in each group. The percutaneous nephrostomy via central venous catheter was performed in the experimental group，while the traditional percutaneous nephrostomy was performed in the control group. Operation time，tran－soperative blood loss，puncture success rate，complication rate，and drainage tube obstruction rate were compared between two groups. Results：Upper urinary obstruction was successfully relieved in two groups，without fistula falling. Operation time in the experimental group and the control group were（25.10±4.05） min and（30.70±6.59） min，respectively（P=0.001）；transoperative blood loss were（10.30±5.01） mL and（15.20±4.24） mL，respectively（P=0.001）；success rate of puncture were 100% and 96%，respectively，without statistically significant difference. Complication rate were 4% and 12%，respectively，without statistically significant difference（P=0.297）. Drainage tube obstruction rate were 4% and 0%，respectively，without statistically significant difference（P=0.312）. Conclusion：Percutaneous nephrostomy via central venous catheter can be a safe and effective method for the treatment of upper urinary calculi complicated with sepsis.