1.上海市浦东新区惠南社区卫生服务中心公共卫生科,上海 201399
2.上海市浦东医院神经内科,上海 201399
Received:20 November 2025,
Revised:2026-02-28,
Accepted:16 March 2026,
Published:30 March 2026
移动端阅览
Liu Xiao,Yang Hualan,He Xiaona,et al.Noninvasive neuromodulation techniques in the intervention of cognitive impairment: research advances and clinical application prospects[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University,
Liu Xiao,Yang Hualan,He Xiaona,et al.Noninvasive neuromodulation techniques in the intervention of cognitive impairment: research advances and clinical application prospects[J].Journal of Chongqing Medical University, DOI:10.13406/j.cnki.cyxb..
认知障碍是多种神经系统疾病的共同表现,严重影响患者生活质量和社会功能。近年来,无创神经调控(non-invasive neuromodulation,NIN)因其安全性、可重复性、可与认知康复结合等优势,逐渐成为认知障碍干预的新方向。主要技术包括经颅磁刺激(transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS)、经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)、经颅光生物调节(transcranial photobiomodulation,tPBM)、经颅聚焦超声(transcranial focused ultrasound,TUS)和迷走神经刺激(vagus nerve stimulation,VNS)等。大量基础与临床研究表明,NIN可通过神经网络重塑、脑电节律调控、神经递质和分子机制调节等多维作用改善认知功能。未来,精准化与个体化、闭环脑机接口、多模态整合以及居家远程康复将成为重要发展方向。本文综述NIN在认知障碍干预中的研究进展、作用机制与临床前景。
Cognitive impairment is a common manifestation of various neurological disorders and seriously affects the quality of life and social functioning of patients. In recent years,noninvasive neuromodulation(NIN) has emerged as a promising intervention for cognitive impairment due to its safety,repeatability,and potential for integration with cognitive rehabilitation. Key NIN techniques include transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial direct current stimulation,transcranial photobiomodulation,transcranial focused ultrasound,and vagus nerve stimulation. Extensive preclinical and clinical studies have shown that NIN can improve cognitive function through multidimensional mechanisms including neural network remodeling,brain rhythm modulation,and regulation of neurotransmitters and molecular pathways. Future developments may focus on precise and individualized approaches,closed-loop brain-computer interfaces,multimodal integration,and home-based remote rehabilitation. This article reviews the research advances in NIN and its mechanism of action and clinical prospects in the intervention of cognitive impairment.
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