Objective To explore primary and secondary school students′health condition and to provide suggestions for students′disease prevention.Methods Students′medical examination data was analyzed in 43 564 cases of primary and secondary school students in Xindu district of Chengdu from 2012 to 2014.Results The incidence of shortsightedness among primary and secondary school students in Xindu district of Chengdu was on the up trend from 2012 to 2014（χ

2

=399.94

P

<

0.01）.The rate of caries was on the downward trend year by year（χ

2

=113.53

P

<

0.01）.The ration of first class of students′height increased（χ

2

=26.41

P

<

0.01）

while inferior students′height declined（χ

2

=37.38

P

<

0.01）.The high quality level of students′body mass indexes changed inconspicuously（χ

2

=0.97

P

>

0.05）

while the low quality level of students′body mass indexes was on the downward trend（χ

2

=95.79

P

<

0.01）.The incidence of obesity was on the rise trend year by year（χ

2

=81.41

P

<

0.01）

while the incidence of malnutrition（χ

2

=71.00

P

<

0.01）and borderline hypertension（χ

2

=44.64

P

<

0.01）dropped annually.Conclusion Primary and secondary school students have common problems of obesity and shortsightedness.Urgent actions should be taken to intervene.