Objective To assess the depression of uremic patients before and after their first hemodialysis and to explore the influencing factors of depression.Method 78 cases of uremic patients received in the Nephrology Department of a hospital in Dalian from June 2013 to December 2014 were selected as the research objects and their depression before and after their first hemodialysis and social support were assessed with the Zung′s SelfRating Depression Scale（SDS）and Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS）.Results The SDS score of uremic patients with monthly income of no more than 1 000 yuan was 64.32±5.97 on the day before their first hemodialysis;the SDS score of patients with monthly income of 1 001 to 3 000 yuan was 58.48±12.13;the SDS score of patients with monthly income of more than 3 000 yuan was 57.19±8.16;and the difference of the three groups was statistically significant（F=5.162

P=0.014）.The SDS score of uremic patients with complications was 61.73±8.91 on the day before their first hemodialysis

the SDS score of patients with no complications was 53.17±4.38 and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant（t=2.527

P=0.027）.There was no significant difference in the SDS scores of uremic patients with different gender

age

marital status

education level and payment on the day before their first hemodialysis.The SDS score for one week before the first hemodialysis was 53.2±11.62 and the SDS score for one week after the first hemodialysis was 44.8±16.32 and their difference was statistically significant（t=7.41

P<0.01）.The incidence of depression for one week before the first hemodialysis was 37.18% and the incidence of depression for one week after the hemodialysis was 23.07%

mainly in mild and moderate depression.The total SSRS score of uremic patients was 37.94±7.68

the score of subjective support dimension was 23.36±5.17

the score of objective support dimension was 8.71±3.46 and the score of support utilization dimension was 7.72±2.51

which were all negatively correlated with the SDS score for one week before the first hemodialysis.Conclusions We should pay attention to the depression assessment of uremic patients before and after their first hemodialysis in order to give targeted interventions as early as possible and avoid the occurrence of moderate and severe depression to improve their quality of life.