Objective      To explore the relationships of psychological stress with resilience

cognitive bias and positive affect in the militaries.       Methods      Psychological stress self-evaluation test (PSET)

Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC)

Chinese version of positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS-C) and attention to positive and negative information scale (APNIS) were used to survey 536 soldiers in the Second Artillery Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army.       Results      The total score of psychological stress was positively correlated with negative affect and negative cognitive bias (r=0.44 and 0.41

respectively

P0.01)

and negatively correlated with positive affect

resilience and positive cognitive bias (r=-0.29

-0.30 and -0.27

respectively

P0.01). There were significant differences in resilience

positive affect

negative affect

positive cognitive bias and negative cognitive bias between the psychological stress high-score group and the psychological stress low-score group (P0.01). Negative affect

negative cognitive bias

positive cognitive bias and positive affect were important predictors of psychological stress

and could explain 36% variance of psychological stress. Positive affect partially mediated the effect of positive cognitive bias on psychological stress

and totally mediated the relationship between resilience and psychological stress.       Conclusion      Military psychological stress is closely related with the resilience

cognitive bias

and positive and negative affect. Positive affect

rational cognition

and resilience improvement can help to relieve soldiers’ psychological stress symptoms

reduce the negative affect and promote mental health.