Objective      To determine the role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ) in swine vascular remodeling after carotid artery stent implantation.       Methods        Totally 12 miniature pigs were randomly divided into normal control group

(n=4) and intervention group (n=8). The animals of intervention group were adopted to establish the animal model of carotid artery stenting

and then randomly divided into stent subgroup (n=4) and rosiglitazone treatment (ROSI) subgroup (n=4). In 3 months after surgery

digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and HE staining was used to assess vascular morphology

immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect the expression of P-akt and NF-κB

and Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of PPAR-γ

Akt

p-Akt and NF-κB.       Results        DSA and HE staining demonstrated that vascular stenosis was more severe in the stent subgroup than the ROSI group (

P

0.01). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of p-Akt and NF-κB were significantly increased in the carotid artery stent groups than normal control group (

P

0.01)

and that in ROSI subgroup was significantly lower than in the stent subgroup (

P

0.01). Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression level of PPAR-γ was significantly lower (

P

0.01)

and those of NF-κB and p-Akt were obviously higher in the stent subgroup than the normal control group (

P

0.05)

while that of PPAR-γ was significantly enhanced (

P

0.01)

and those of NF-κB and p-Akt were markedly reduced in the ROSI subgroup than in the stent subgroup (

P

0.01). However

there was no significant difference in the protein expression of Akt in normal control group

stent subgroup and ROSI subgroup (

P

0.05).       Conclusion        PPAR-γ might mediate the expression of PI3K/Akt and NF-κB

and then improve the vascular remodeling after stent implantation.