Objective       To investigate the characteristics of spontaneous brain functions in hyperparathyroidism patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms in basic state and the relationships of the characteristics with emotional disorders

spontaneous brain resting activities

biochemical and biological characteristics.       Methods       Fifty-one patients diagnosed with primary hyperthyroidism in our department from October 2012 to April 2013 were enrolled in this study. Another 51 age-matched healthy individuals served as control. Hamilton Depression Scale scanning (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) assessment of neuropsychiatric symptoms were used to assess all subjects at the same day. A novel method based on regional homogeneity (ReHo) was used to detect unpredicted homodynamic responses across the whole brain on resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data and then to analyze the differences of ReHo between cases and control.       Results       Compared with control

there were 3 significantly decreased ReHo areas

including frontal gyrus

orbital frontal

and temporal pole and 1 evidently enhanced ReHo area (cerebellar vermis )found in patients with hyperthyroidism. ReHo values in cerebellar vermis were significant different in patients with different severity of anxiety. ReHo value is closely related with FT3

FT4 and sleep qualityin temporal pole. ReHo value in frontal gyrus is related with sleep disorders.       Conclusion       There are dysfunctional brain areas in resting state in patients with hyperthyroidism

and the abnormalities of specific eloquent areas may be the pathophysiological mechanisms for neuropsychiatric symptoms.