Objective        To investigate the significance of combining magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with serum level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa).       Methods        A total of 84 male patients with abnormal serum PSA level were enrolled and underwent further prostate MRS examination and DRE. The results were contrasted with pathology obtained by prostate biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The sensitivity

specificity and accuracy of MRS combined with DRE and different serum levels of PSA (low-risk group: 4 ng/ml20 ng/ml) in the diagnosis of PCa were evaluated.       Results        According to the pathological outcome

41 cases were identified as PCa

43 cases were non-prostate cancer (benign prostatic hyperplasia 41 cases

prostatitis 1 case

and tubercular 1 case). MRS had a sensitivity

specificity and accuracy of 85.4%

83.7% and 84.5% respectively. There was a perfect concordance between MRS and the pathological outcome（K=0.69

P0.05）. The sensitivity

specificity and accuracy of MRS combined serum different levels of PSA were 75.0%

90.0% and 84.4% in low-risk group

66.7%

73.3% and 71.4% in moderate-risk group

and 95.7%

87.5% and 93.5% in high-risk group. The sensitivity

specificity and accuracy of MRS combined with DRE positive group were 88.9%

87.5% and 88.6% respectively. The sensitivity

specificity and accuracy of MRS combined with PSA in high-risk group with DRE positive group at same time were 95.7%

100% and 95.8% respectively. All the difference of them is significant（P0.05）.       Conclusion        MRS is non-invasive and convenient in the diagnosis of PCa

and the efficiency can be improved obviously combing with PSA and DRE.