Objective     To analyze cement leakage in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures treated by percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (PKP).      Methods     One hundred and thirty-eight patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (41 males and 97 females) at the age of 56 to 87 years (mean 75.3 years) in admitted to our department from December 2007 to December 2010 for PKP were enrolled in this study. Of these patients

115 were diagnosed with a single vertebral fracture

19 with 2 vertebral fractures

2 with 3 vertebral fractures

2 with 4 vertebral fractures. A total of 167 vertebrae were involved

includi

ng 3 at T

6

4 at T7

4 at T

8

6 at T

9

6 at T

10

21 at T

11

43 at T

12

45 at L

1

23 at L

2

7 at L

3

and 5 at L

4

.      Results     Cement leakage occurred in 12 patients(8.7％)

with inter-vertebral space leakage in 5

anterior vertebral body leakage in 4

para-vertebral leakage in 1

foramen leakage in 1

and spinal canal leakage in 1. No severe symptoms and signs of spinal or nerve injury were noted．      Conclusion     Cement leakage may occur in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures after PKP treatment

which may lead to severe  complications

thus stress should be laid on its prevention.