Objective     To explore the relationship between the pathological characteristics and clinical manifestations of renal glomerular diseases in children.      Methods     Retrospective analysis was performed using the pathological and clinical data of 509 children with renal diseases to compare primary glomerular disease and secondary glomerular disease in terms of pathological characteristics and clinical manifestations. These children received renal biopsy in the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2007 to May 2010.      Results     (1) Among these patients

315 (61.9%) cases of primary glomerular disease

184 (36.1%) cases of secondary glomerular disease

6 (1.2%) cases of hereditary glomerular disease

2 (0.4%) cases of renal vascular disease

and 2 (0.4%) cases of renal tubulointerstitial disease were found. (2) The mean age when the renal biopsy was performed in the group of secondary glomerular disease was greater than that in the group of primary glomerular disease [(10.54±2.72) years vs. (8.62±3.28) years]. The mean course of disease from onset to renal biopsy in the group of secondary glomerular disease was shorter than that in the group of primary glomerular disease (30.00 days vs. 60.00 days). (3) The most common clinical diagnosis and pathological category in the group of primary glomerular disease were nephrotic syndrome and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN)

respectively

and those in the group of secondary glomerular disease were Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis and MsPGN

respectively. (4) In recent years

the spectrum of children’s renal glomerular diseases in our center changed. Primary glomerular disease was still the most common glomerular disease

and MsPGN and IgA nephropathy were the most common pathological categories. The proportions of isolated hematuria and lupus nephritis increased.      Conclusion     Examination of renal tissue is necessary to document the histological type and magnitude of renal injury

which are necessary in planning management of the disease. Carrying out this technique may lead to the clinico-pathological spectrum variation of children’s renal glomerular diseases.