Objective   To investigate the relationship of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with mental health and resilience in patients during rehabilitation after trauma.  Methods   One hundred and seventy-nine rehabilitation patients after traumatic injury admitted in 3 high-grade hospitals from December 2008 to March 2010 were tested with PTSD checklistcivilian version (PCL-C)

Resilience Scale for Adult (RSA)

Self-report Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90)

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ)

and Copying Style Questionnaire. There were totally 158 valid questionnaires obtained

including 117 males and 41 females

130 married and 28 unmarried with an age ranging from 14 to 65 (39.15±11.58).  Results  The average PTSD score of this cohort was 34.72±11.89. Among them

there were 54 patients (34.18%) with a score not lower than 38 who were identified as PTSD positive group

and the left 104 were PTSD negative group. Significant difference was found in mental resilience (t=-4.744

P=0.000)

psychoticism (t=3.549

P=0.001)

coping styles rationalization (t=2.502

P=0.013) between PTSD positive and negative groups (P0.05). Compared with the norms

evaluative indexes scores of SCL-90 including somatization

depression

anxiety

fear

crankiness and psychosis were higher (P0.05). The scores on self-cognition and planning in RSA in SCL-90 positive group were lower

nervousness in personality and self-blame

delusion

withdraw and rationalization in copying style were higher than those in negative group (P0.05

0.01). Correlation analysis showed total scores of PTSD were negatively related with total RSA scores

and positively related with SCL-90 score

nervousness and coping style rationalization

separately. Regression  Results  showed that those 4 factors explained 28.8% of total score of PTSD.  Conclusion  The prevalence rate of PTSD is high in the rehabilitation patients following traumatic injury. Low resilience and mental heath are the main predictors for PTSD.