Objective  To evaluate the therapeutic effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for children’s hematologic malignancies and refractory hematological diseases.     Methods  A total of 53 children with hematologic malignancies and refractory hematological diseases were subjected in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allogenetic in 38 patients

autologous in 15 patients) from April 2007 to December 2009. There were 14 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

12 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

3 cases of acute mixed lineage leukemia (AMLL)

4 cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

6 cases of nonHodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)

4 cases of NHL-ALL

4 cases of β-thalassanemia

3 cases of Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

1 cases of severe aplastic anemia (SAA)

1 case of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS-RAEB) and 1 case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Chemotherapy of 2 to 3 cycles was performed on refractory hematological diseases before transplantation. The therapeutic effect

complication and total survival rate were observed

respectively.     Results  Hematopoietic reconstitution was quickly obtained after auto-logous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in 15 patients and no severe complication was seen. But after allo-HSCT

the incidence rate of acute and chronic GVHD was 18.4% and 2.6%. There were 15 cases died of GVHD

infection

disease relapse or development in 0 to 24 months

and 65% in this group were disease-free survival (DFS) from  6 to 24 months.    Conclusion  Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is effective for the treatment of children’s hematologic malignancies and refractory hematological diseases

and improves their prognosis. And it is strongly suggested to select suitable mode of transplantation on account of diagnosis

age

physical status

economy of patient and the condition of donor.