Objective　To explore the risk factors for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis in patients with benign biliary diseases.  　Methods　Totally consecutive 169 patients with benign biliary diseases in our department during April 2007 to August 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis in them were analyzed in clinical pathology and ERCP operation-related aspects by SPSS11.0. 　Results　There were 11 (6.5%) post-ERCP pancreatitic patients in 169 patients after ERCP. There were 3 (7.0%) patients who developed post-ERCP pancreatitis in 43 diagnostic ERCP patients and 8 (6.3%) in 126 therapeutic ERCP. The incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis has no significant difference between above 2 groups (P0.05). By univariate analysis

the diameter of common bile duct less than 10 mm and sphincter of Oddis dysfunction (SOD) and mutiple cannulation of the pancreatic duct were all statistically different (P0.05). Nasobiliary drainage was statistically different for preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis (P0.05). In the Logistic regression

the risk factors with adjusted odds ratios (OR) were: SOD (OR=7.227)

mutiple cannulation of the pancreatic duct (OR=20.100)

the protective factor with OR was nasobiliary drainage (OR=0.192). 　Conclusion　Patients with SOD and mutiple cannulation of the pancreatic duct are risk factor for post-ERCP pancreatitis. Normal common bile duct should be cautioned. To prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis

unnecessary cannulation of pancreatic duct should be avoided and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage is the effective treatment.