Objective    The Cox-Maze procedure is limited because of its complexity and high-cost though with proven efficacy for chronic atrial fibrillation (AF). This paper presents our preliminary experience on endocardial ablation using argon beam diathermy for chronic AF during valve replacement on beating-heart with cardiopulmonary bypass.     Methods    Fifteen selected patients (6 males and 9 females

an average age of 44.5±14.2) with rheumatic heart disease complicated with chronic AF underwent valve replacement and endocardial ablation using argon beam diathermy. Standard cardiopulmonary bypass was established through median sternotomy

diseased valves were replaced on beating-heart without cardioplegia perfusion and aortic cross-clamping. Before valve replacement

endocardial ablations were undergone using argon beam diathermy. All the patients were followed-up.     Results    There was no perioperative death and clinical neurological events. No patient complicated with severe heart block. Immediately after operation

13 patients were free of AF. Of these 15 patients

11 patients were free from AF at 3 months after operation. Among the 5 patients with more than 1 year’s follow-up

4 remained sinus rhythm.     Conclusion    Our preliminary results are encouraging in terms of feasibility

sinus rhythms restoration and early outcomes. The long term results need further follow-up.