Objective  To investigate the therapeutic effect and safety of the tissue-engineered bone which is constructed from the autogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow.   Methods  Totally 30 patients who suffered from long bone defect because of tumor or trauma were subjected in this study with informed consent. MSCs

isolated from every individual patient’s bone marrow

were cultured in vitro and induced to differentiate into osteoblasts

and finally mount to a self-made allogeneic decalcified bone matrix scaffold in order to construct tissue-engineered bone (TEB). Then the engineered bone was transplanted into the defect. In this procedure

strict screening and detections were carried out on the target cells or tissues in different phases of the TEB construction. The efficacy and security of this approach were evaluated by radiological and serological assays and the outcomes of follow-up.   Results  All patients were followed up for over half a year and the longest was 4 years. The therapeutic effects of the TEB was similar to autologous bone treatment in bone formation rate and outcome. There was no any abnormality in hepatic/renal functions

ESR

immunoglobins during the follow-up.   Conclusion  The individualized tissue-engineered bone made of the patient’s autologous mesenchymal stem cells shows favourable biological safety and satisfactory osteogenic capability.