Objective To present a kind of percutaneous renal biopsy under transient intravenous anesthesia and evaluate its feasibility and safety.   Methods Percutaneous native renal biopsy under transient intravenous anesthesia had been carried out in our hospital since May 2006

and applied to 759 patients older than 12 yearsold by July 2007. Totally 757 patients older than 12 yearsold from March 2005 to April 2006 underwent renal biopsy under local anesthesia as controls. The success rate of renal biopsy

postoperative complications and quantity of glomerulus were compared between the two groups.    Results The two groups matched in age [(28.52±12.73) vs (30.46±11.83)

P0.05]. The successful rate by single puncture of painless renal biopsy was higher than that of biopsy under local anesthesia (95% vs 92%

P0.05). The quantity of glomerulus obtained by painless renal biopsy was higher than that by biopsy under local anesthesia [(21.5±5.72) vs (17.4±4.67)

P0.05]. Gross hematuria occurred in 4 cases and perirenal hematoma in 2 cases after painless renal biopsy

while gross hematuria in 6 cases and perirenal hematoma in 3 cases after biopsy under local anesthesia. The incidence of lumbago after painless renal biopsy was lower than that after biopsy under local anesthesia (18.3% vs 35.2%).    Conclusion Painless renal biopsy is a novel kind of renal biopsy

safe and efficacious.